Case study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 61

Contextual investigation - Essay Example It might be troublesome tocontrol the workers in the organization if the selection representatives neglect to consider the interests of the organization in their enrollment work out. As a staffing proficient in the HR office, it is critical to speak to the organization’s intrigue. It ought to be noticed that every association has its own way of life and this decides factors, for example, conduct of representatives, their presentation just as essential qualities that depict the association. Fundamentally, â€Å"organizational culture alludes to an arrangement of shared importance held by the individuals that recognizes the association from other organizations,† (Robbins, 1993, p. 602). In an offer to accomplish its set objectives and destinations, it very well may be seen that there are sure key qualities that the association esteems. These shape its way of life and they become dug in it its tasks. The other point of speaking to the organization’s interests while recruiting representatives is that it causes the HR work force to ensure that the correct individuals are employed. The staffing officials are in a situation to survey the abilities of the applicant and discover in the event that they will be perfect with the organization’s culture and hard working attitude. Every association has its own objectives and destinations and there are various systems that can be actualized so as to accomplish these. Be that as it may, this must be conceivable if the association has a plainly laid out culture that shapes the conduct of the individuals inside the organization. There are sure qualities that are relied upon to be trailed by every individual in the association and these ought to be spoken to from the beginning through the enlistment and area process. The other centrality of perceiving authoritative culture is the component of gathering accentuation. This alludes to how much work exercises are sorted out around bunches as opposed to people (Robbins, 1993). This clarifies why it is imperative to speak to the interests of the association. Gathering attachment is

The American Dream Reasearch Paper Free Essays

Zac Duncan Mrs. Slope English sixth February 3, 2013 Many individuals accept the American Dream today has blurred. It is no longer accomplished as regularly as previously. We will compose a custom paper test on The American Dream Reasearch Paper or then again any comparable theme just for you Request Now In spite of the fact that acquiring the Dream has gotten troublesome, individuals still haven’t quit seeking after it. Regardless of the obstructions, the American Dream is still brimming with expectation and edification both monetarily and inwardly. The American Dream is known for its positive implication, yet there are numerous deterrents encompassing it. As indicated by, â€Å"Obstacles to the American Dream†, by Eddy Isango, the Dream is hardest for migrants. Numerous foreigners have issues learning the English language. At the point when they show up it seems as though they need to start from the very beginning. Foreigners additionally don’t get state advantages, for example, social insurance and food stamps. They need to secure positions that give these to them, which is intense with the absence of opening for work and increasing average cost for basic items in America. Monetary impediments of the American Dream can be survived. Rieva Lesonsky urges individuals to get over these slopes by saying, â€Å"Acknowledge the hard times† (Lesonsky 1). Individuals accept the Dream is evolving. â€Å"Today, they state, the ‘dream’ is almost certain about making money†, (Lesonsky 1). Individuals have moved towards starting independent companies to accomplish their budgetary dreams. These organizations, after some time, increment the income of the individuals. The American Dream is as yet filling the enthusiastic needs of individuals. Jeremy Pratt has managed a learning handicap as long as he can remember, however doesn’t let this prevent him from accomplishing his fantasy as he says: ‘I’ve consistently needed to work somewhat harder than my companions without disabilities,’ says the 28-year-old. ‘But I at last feel like I’m while in transit to having what everybody longs for. ’ Pratt’s determination in setting aside cash is paying off; he intends to begin house chasing as right on time as 2013. Blatt 1) Jeremy is accomplishing his deep rooted objective of purchasing a house loaded up with his specialty. He battled through his handicap and acquired what he needed. The American Dream despite everything has bid t o Americans today. Individuals despite everything take a stab at a superior life for themselves and their families. The opportunities of America take into consideration individuals to get their money related and enthusiastic dreams that they have yearned for. Works Cited Blatt, Burton, Jeremy Pratt. Accomplishing the American Dream. February 5, 2013 Isango, Eddy. Hindrances to the American Dream. February 3, 2013 Lesonsky, Rieva. The American Dream is Alive and Well-and Transformed. February 3,2013 The most effective method to refer to The American Dream Reasearch Paper, Papers

Community Psychology and Society

Community Psychology and Society Theories Print Community Psychology Explores How Individuals Relate to Society By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on December 11, 2019 pixdeluxe / E+ / Getty Images More in Theories Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Developmental Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology Community psychology is a specialty area concerned with how individuals relate to society. Have you ever wondered how people can become more active contributors in their communities? Or do you ever think about how community issues can impact the health and wellness of individuals? These are both major topics of interest within the field of community psychology. This is a fairly broad and far-reaching subject within psychology, synthesizing elements from other disciplines including sociology, political science, public health, cross-cultural psychology, and social psychology. Psychologists working in this field look at the cultural, economic, social, political and environmental that shape and influence the lives of people all over the globe. The focus of community psychology can be both applied and theoretical, but it is oftentimes a mixture of both. While some community psychologists conduct research on theoretical issues, others take this information and put it into immediate use to identify problems and develop solutions within communities. History of Community Psychology Community psychology began to emerge during the 1960s as a growing group of psychologists became dissatisfied with the ability of clinical psychology to address broader social issues. Today, many recognize a 1965 meeting of psychologists at the Swampscott Conference as the official beginning of contemporary community psychology. At this meeting, those in attendance concluded that psychology needed to take a greater focus on community and social change in order to address mental health and well-being. Since that time, the field has continued to grow. Division 27 of the American Psychological Association, Society for Community Research and Action (SCRA), is devoted to the subject of community psychology. Several academic journals  are also devoted to the topic, including the American Journal of Community Psychology, the Journal of Community Psychology and the Journal of Community Applied Social Psychology. Community Psychology at Work Some things that a community psychologist might do include: Finding ways to help disadvantaged or disenfranchised individuals feel more connected with their local communitiesUnderstanding social issues among minority groupsDeveloping, implementing and evaluating action-oriented community-based programsBuilding relationships between individuals and community groupsEvaluate organizations, governments, and communities in order to promote participation and diversityCommunity psychologists can be employed in a number of areas including education, government, nonprofit groups, community organizations and private consulting. Within the educational system, community psychologists often work at colleges and universities to teach courses and conduct original research. In a government setting, they may work in health and human services for local, state and federal governments. Related Fields People sometimes confuse community psychology with related fields such as  social work, cross-cultural psychology, and social psychology. While community psychology has many similarities to related fields and often draws upon these disciplines, it is important to note some major distinctions. For example, community psychology is centered on action and solving problems much like clinical psychology. However, clinical psychology tends to have a greater focus on solving individual problems, while community psychology is devoted to understanding the underlying social issues that contribute to these problems. Community psychology also takes a holistic, systems-based approach to understanding behavior and how people fit into society, much like related fields such as sociology and social psychology. Community psychology tends to be more centered on applying psychological and social knowledge to solving problems, creating real-world solutions and taking immediate action. Like public health and mental health counseling, community psychology is also focused on the prevention of problems and the promotion of health and well-being. It also has a very strong research-oriented component. Community psychologists often perform original research, develop theoretical frameworks and then apply this knowledge directly within public and private communities. As you can see, community psychology overlaps with a number of other disciplines. However, it has its own unique and important contributions to make. The major goals of this field are to create new ways to empower people within their communities, promote social change and diversity, promote individual and community well-being and prevent disorder. Training and Educational Requirements for Community Psychologists Most community psychologists hold at least a masters or doctorate degree in psychology. There are some community psychology programs available, but other students opt to earn an interdisciplinary degree or a general degree with a focus on community psychology topics. Some of the coursework that an aspiring community psychologist should take includes: Social behaviorResearch methodsStatisticsPublic healthOrganizational developmentGrant writingDeveloping prevention programsDevelopmental psychologySociologySocial problemsCommunity development Training and education in community psychology focus on both research and application. Graduate students receive extensive training in research methods and social statistics, as well as how to put this information to practical use through developing action-oriented community programs.

Contribution Of Women In The Civil War - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 6 Words: 1910 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2019/05/08 Category History Essay Level High school Tags: Civil War Essay War Essay Did you like this example? When it comes to the evaluation of the significance of the Civil War, many tend to put emphasis on the relationship between the races as well as the desire of one party, the Confederacy, to maintain the preferred social order, namely slavery. However, there is another kind of relations that is often overlooked when it comes to the analysis of this armed conflict gender relationships. While many believe that the war in question was fought by men against men, the contribution of women tends to be in the shadow and is perceived as less significant. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Contribution Of Women In The Civil War" essay for you Create order This is a serious historical injustice since when all aspects of that time are taken into account, one will be able to notice that women contributed to the war effort from both sides significantly. During the Civil War women provided war relief, served as nurses, soldiers, and even spies which makes them an inseparable part of that armed conflict. Women Providing War Relief To begin with, it is worth focusing on the place that women traditionally occupied in the society in the eighteenth century. Being deprived of a chance to get education, they usually worked as manual workers and were employed at jobs of varying difficulty[1]. It is obvious that wives of upper-class men did not work, but the important point to be mentioned here is that the division of labor was largely performed based on stereotypical gender characteristics[2]. As a result, during the Civil War women would often make a contribution that they did during the peaceful times, but on a larger scale: they would cook food, repair clothes, take care of the laundry and so on. No matter how insignificant one might see this, this kind of war effort was essential for keeping an army operational. That is why there is a lot ofinjustice in the fact that this contribution of women has been overlooked by many. In addition to that, there were also activities that contributed to the war efforts and were not considered to be a stereotypical womens work. A good example is Sanitary Fair which was hosted in Chicago in 1863: this was an event that was designed to raise money for the army[3]. One should point out that at the time this was considered to be a significant step in letting women do some important social job as prior to that women also organized some fund-raising events, but they were not directly linked to any significant social issues. Therefore, the ability of women to find money for the army was greatly valued at the time because money was needed to ensure that the funding did not stop which contributed to the ultimate victory of the military forces. Women Serving as Nurses Now, it may be logical to turn to another aspect of the contribution of women to the war efforts serving as nurses. In spite of the fact that today female nurses on the battlefield are seen as something ordinary, it was quite a big novelty at the time. Florence Nightingale set an example during the Crimean War which inspired numerous women all over the world. Many women, for example, Dorothea Dix, would become full-time nurses during the war[4]. If one develops a broad perspective on this issue, one will be able to notice that it was indeed a serious step forward since it showed that women can do something more than just their domestic chores on a large scale. Once again, it is worth mentioning that seeing women as nurses were quite unusual at the time; so, the women who volunteered to be nurses were extremely brave. However, it is not only administration of hospitals and taking care of the wounded that women did as nurses. There were numerous examples of nurses that would go the battlefield and help the soldiers under such extremely dangerous conditions. Clara Barton is one of such nurses: she took care of the soldiers not only in the hospital, but also during th? battles; that is why she received an honorary title Angel of the Battlefield[5]. The key point that needs to be emphasized here is that by allowing women on the battlefield, the military acknowledged that women were able to make a significant contribution that was highly valued. According to the laws of the time, women were banned from the military; therefore, their presence on the battlefield as nurses as close as they could get to make a direct contribution to the war effort without violating the applicable laws. Women Serving as Soldiers As it has already been mentioned, the laws of the time prohibited women from serving in the army. However, it is suggested that as many as over 400 women were able to find their way into the military by disguising themselves as men[6]. For modern day people, this might sound somewhat unbelievable; however, after all, aspects have been considered, one might find that this was quite possible. The example of Frances Clayton is quite interesting: she disguised herself as Frances Clalin and served as a soldier[7]. It is quite obvious that at the time the need for soldiers was high; so, the recruiters did not question a person who was willing to volunteer. The important point to note here is that such example as that of Clayton shows that women were dissatisfied with the place that they had in the society and were willing to make a contribution to the war effort as much as men did. It may be rather difficult to estimate the actual number of women who served in the army during the Civil War for a number of reasons. First of all, they directly violated the applicable legislation which meant that neither them, nor the army would actually report that number since it was against the rules. In addition to that, the only war for women to be discovered was when they were examined by the doctors in the hospital after they were wounded. That is why it is quite possible that many women died on the battlefield and were not ever discovered. In addition to that, they might have refrained from going to the hospital because they knew that that would destroy their disguise. All this leads to the understanding that there is evidence that many women were willing to contribute to the war effort as much as men did. Women Serving as Spies Finally, there is one last aspect that needs to be mentioned when it comes to evaluating the contribution of women during the Civil War many of them served as spied. Given all the roles that were mentioned above, namely a war relief worker, a nurse, and a soldier, one might speculate that being a spy is the most extreme role that women were able to play during the war. From the letters of Sarah E. Thompson, we know that she did her best to serve the Union as much as she could. Though she may have simply talked to some soldiers and visited balls, she was actually collecting important information that was later needed by the army[8]. That is why it is possible that womens ability to affect men and maintain interesting conversation appeared to be quite helpful during the war. The important point that needs to be mentioned specifically is that there were female spies on both sides. For example, Rose ONeal served as a spy for the Confederacy and warned her friend in personal correspondence about the importance of sending correct information, which can be used so as to counteract the Yankee accounts[9]. This shows that ONeal understood the basics of information warfare and tried to do her best to spread the truthful information about her friends so that they would get an objective view of the actions of the Confederate army. With this in mind, one might speculate that this woman was way ahead of her time because she understood the role that information played during the war. As a result, one might come to the understanding that women were able to play all kind of roles during the Civil War. Conclusion Having examined all the points that were mentioned in the paragraphs above, one is able to come to the following conclusion: during the Civil, War women assumed a wide variety of roles ranging from stereotypical to most extreme. Thus, women served as war relief workers and performed their domestic duties on a large scale. This was considered to be the most appropriate way for women to make their contribution to the war effort. Some women were brave enough to serve as nurses: they took care of the soldiers on and behind the battlefield. These women were greatly inspired by the example of Florence Nightingale. There also were women who disguised themselves as soldiers and fought with men. The only time their true identity was discovered was when they were wounded and required medical attention. Finally, the evidence shows that there were many women who served as spies. Bibliography Beard, Rick. From Civil War to Civil Rights: The Opportunities of the Civil War. History News 66, no. 3 (2011): 12-18. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42654328. Devine, Shauna. To Make Something Out of the Dying in This War: The Civil War and the Rise of American Medical Science. Journal of the Civil War Era 6, no. 2 (2016): 149-63. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26070401. Madway, Lorraine. Purveying Patriotic Pageantry: The Civil War Sanitary Fairs in New York. New York History 93, no. 4 (2012): 268-301. doi:10.2307/newyorkhist.93.4.268. Marshall, Anne E. A Sisters War: Kentucky Women and Their Civil War Diaries The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 110, no. 3/4 (2012): 481-502. https://www.jstor.org/stable/23388059. ONeal, Rose. Letter to Alexander Boteler. n.d. Accessed April 07, 2018. https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/greenhow/1863-12-10/1863-12-10.html. Sizer, Lyde Cullen. Mapping the Spaces of Womens Civil War History. Journal of the Civil War Era 1, no. 4 (2011): 536-48. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26070167. Szpila, Kathleen. Lest We Forget: Ellen Ryan Jolly and the Nuns of the Battlefield Monument. American Catholic Studies 123, no. 4 (2012): 23-43. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44195438. Thompson, Sarah E. Sarah Thompsons Account of Morgans Defeat. n.d. Accessed April 07, 2018. https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/thompson/1864-09-03/1864-09-03.html. Valentine, Hannah. Letter to Michael Valentine from Hannah Valentine. n.d. Accessed April 07, 2018. https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/campbell/1838-01-30/1838-01-30.html. [1] Devine, Shauna To Make Something Out of the Dying in This War: The Civil War and the Rise of American Medical Science. Journal of the Civil War Era 6, no. 2 (2016), 149. [2] Hannah Valentine, Letter to Michael Valentine from Hannah Valentine, n.d., accessed April 07, 2018, https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/campbell/1838-01-30/1838-01-30.html. [3] Marshall, Anne E. A Sisters War: Kentucky Women and Their Civil War Diaries The Register of the Kentucky Historical Society 110, no. 3/4 (2012), 492. [4] Szpila, Kathleen. Lest We Forget: Ellen Ryan Jolly and the Nuns of the Battlefield Monument. American Catholic Studies 123, no. 4 (2012), 30. [5] Sizer, Lyde Cullen Mapping the Spaces of Womens Civil War History. Journal of the Civil War Era 1, no. 4 (2011), 540. [6] Madway, Lorraine. Purveying Patriotic Pageantry: The Civil War Sanitary Fairs in New York. New York History 93, no. 4 (2012), 275. [7] Beard, Rick. From Civil War to Civil Rights: The Opportunities of the Civil War. History News 66, no. 3 (2011), 15. [8] Sarah E. Thompson, Sarah Thompsons Account of Morgans Defeat, n.d., accessed April 07, 2018, https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/thompson/1864-09-03/1864-09-03.html. [9] Rose ONeal, Letter to Alexander Boteler, n.d., , accessed April 07, 2018, https://library.duke.edu/rubenstein/scriptorium/greenhow/1863-12-10/1863-12-10.html.

According to Socrates, Should you Obey an Unjust Law

Convicted For Living? Do we have an obligation to obey any law, no matter how unjust or evil, provided only that it is in fact a valid rule of the legal system in which we happen to be physically located? In the following composition, I am going to examine the answer to this question in accordance to what Socrates believes. The best way to understand this almost â€Å"WWSD† (What Would Socrates Do) approach is by looking at Socrates actions in the three Platonic dialogues we have read. These dialogues bring forth three possible bases for why Socrates believes one should obey the law. First, that there is a distinction between the the â€Å"justness† of a law and how that law is applied. Second, that if one willingly accepts living in a†¦show more content†¦At no point during the proceedings did Socrates deny that corrupting the youth was a criminal act punishable by death. Socrates in fact believes that it is noble to prosecute those who corrupt the minds of the youth. Moreover, i n the Euthyphro Dialogue, Socrates even praises Meletus saying that, â€Å"He [Meletus] is the only one who begins at the right point in his political reforms; for his first care is to make the young men as good as possible† (2). Therefore, while Socrates may not have necessarily agreed with the verdict of his trial, he did agree with the essence and/or idea of what the law that he â€Å"broke† was founded on. Socrates was accused of corrupting the young through the ideas he taught and the manner in which he taught them, ergo his acts were inseparable from the crime of which he was accused of. Consequently, and quite frankly rather humorously, the sheer enormity of Socrates crime could have hardly been outdone by that of any other of its time. Whereas it meant that everything Socrates had done in his life was illegal, since practically his entire life stood for the proposition that he ought to teach his philosophy to anyone who would listen. Socrates believed that the life unexamined is one not worth living.. The depth of that belief made the accusation of corrupting the young almost equivalent to being charged with the crime of having lived. If Socrates pupils were not harmed, whoShow MoreRelatedUnjust Laws1747 Words   |  7 Pagesmorally obliged to obey even unjust laws? Think about what this means. This means that laws, regardless of how unfair, unjust, or immoral they may be, must be followed with no better reason that they are the law. To the thesis that we are obliged to obey even unjust laws, I will argue that the standard objections to Civil Disobedience, given by Singer, are incorrect To begin, however, I believe it is necessary to define an unjust law. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, Any law that uplifts humanRead MoreSocrates and Civil Obecience or Disobedience1538 Words   |  7 Pageson whether or not I believe that Socrates’ views in the Crito contradict his views expressed in the Apology. My position: I am in disagreement with this statement and my analysis, based on contextual evidence, is as follows: Although I could argue the question posited above from either position, as many have done before and, as many will continue to do after me, I do not believe that Socrates waivers in his beliefs between the two accounts according to Plato. The contradiction, itRead MoreCivil Disobedience, By Dr. Martin Luther King1657 Words   |  7 Pagesin the act of not following, or breaking a law that they personally have deemed unjust throughout history, or taken part in civil disobedience . Socrates as well as Dr. Martin Luther King have done this. But the question of whether or not we should be required to follow a law that one personally believes is unjust is very hard to answer. Nevertheless, I believe that we should in fact be able to disobey a law and or a decision that we consider to be unjust. However, in saying this there are some guidelinesRead MoreJustice And Injustice Of Plato s The Republic1502 Words   |  7 PagesShort Essay: Justice and Injustice in Plato’s The Rep ublic In Plato’s The Republic, Socrates expresses his belief that in order for a state and its people to be functioning at their best, every citizen ought to do what they have the most character for, or what they are most qualified to do. Whether it is craftsmanship, guarding the city, playing music, or healing the sick, Socrates thinks that everyone should make his or her living doing one thing that they are skilled at, and one thing only. InRead MoreEssay about A Free Society Must Expect Civil Disobedience1758 Words   |  8 Pagesobliged to obey even unjust laws? Think about what this means. This means that laws, regardless of how unfair, unjust, or immoral they may be, must be followed with no better reason that they are the law. To the thesis that we are obliged to obey even unjust laws, I will argue that the standard objections to Civil Disobedience, given by Singer, are incorrect      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To begin, however, I believe it is necessary to define an unjust law. According to St. Thomas Aquinas, Any law thatRead MoreThe Death Sentence For Committing A Crime Essay1750 Words   |  7 Pages In Plato’s Crito and Antigone by Sophocles, both Socrates and Antigone face a dilemma about whether it is worth violating the law no matter how unjust or unfair it can get. Although some may claim that violating the law is wrong because it is our duty as citizens to obey the law, I claim that complying with immoral laws is wrong because it corrupts and defeats the justice system. Antigone, a young girl playing the main character in the play Antigone by Sophocles, faces the death sentence for committingRead MoreEssay on Platos Response to Thrasymachus Immoralist View of Justice1491 Words   |  6 PagesPlatos Response to Thrasymachus Immoralist View of Justice In Book 1 of the ‘Republic’, Socrates, in answer to the question ‘What is Justice?’ is presented with a real and dangerous alternative to what he thinks to be the truth about Justice. Julia Annas believes Thrasymachus thinks Justice and Injustice do have a real existence that is independent of human institutions; and that Thrasymachus makes a decided commitment to Injustice. She calls this view ‘Immoralism’: â€Å"the immoralist holdsRead MorePlatos Apology And Crito Analysis1873 Words   |  8 Pagescitizen of the polis are highlighted in Plato’s Apology and Crito. In the Apology, Socrates is faced with a death sentence at the hands of the state, but ironically is unapologetic in his discourse while defending himself. The Crito, however, displays Socrates in a dialogue where he chooses to engage and characterize the laws as a means of arguing for his faithfulness to the decision of the polis. Indeed, he uses the laws as a rhetorical device, affirming his attachment to the city and his duty to receiveRead MoreNon Violent Protest Ââ€" Dr. Martin Luther Kings Moral Disobedience!1563 Words   |  7 Pagesin his letter from Birmingham Jail. He states that any law, which is unjust and inhuman, is not a moral law. Dr. Kings argument for non-violent protest against the authorities is just and moral; because any action taken for the greater good of human beings may be called disobedience by the authorities, but as Erich Fromm states in his essay Disobedience as a Psychological and Moral Problem -- any act of disobedience against any inhuman law of the state is morally correct and is for the bettermentRead MoreAn Definition Of Justice With The Wisest Men1168 Words   |  5 PagesWise man, no matter how many times you try, you will never be able to reach the essence of Justice. Your ignorance blinds your soul, and blinded, you content in the commodities of the world. Does this make you not wise, but a fool? Or is it b etter to say that Justice is unreachable and unsolvable, and for this reason, is beyond human understanding? Perhaps Glaucon is right to say that we are selfish individuals who expect to be benefited when we do good deeds or stay away from wrongdoings. Or maybe

Sinusoidal Current Control Strategy Based Active Power Engineering Essay Free Essays

string(260) " by utilizing the Clarke transmutation, it can be written as \[ 3 \] The instantaneous beginning current besides transformed into the co-ordinates by Clarke transmutation ; Whereand axes are the extraneous co-ordinates and are on the-axis and are on the-axis\." Abstract- In this article describe the public presentation of a sinusoidal current accountant based three-phase shunt active power line conditioners ( APLC ) for power quality betterments such as harmonics and reactive power compensation due to imbalanced and non-linear tonss. The electromotive force deformations are compensated by positive-sequence electromotive force sensor and harmonic extracted from changeless instantaneous existent power control scheme, this attack is different from the conventional methods. The shunt APLC is implemented with PWM current controlled electromotive force beginning inverter and connected to the point of common yoke for extinguish the current harmonic and do sinusoidal current to the beginning. We will write a custom essay sample on Sinusoidal Current Control Strategy Based Active Power Engineering Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now The mention current ( s ) are extracted from sinusoidal current accountant algorithm and PWM-VSI gate control signals are generated from hysteresis current accountant ( HCC ) . The relative integral ( PI ) -controller used to keep the changeless DC-side electrical capacity electromotive force of the PWM inverter. The shunt APLC is investigated in footings of order of harmonics, VDC subsiding clip and assorted parametric quantities under the assorted non-linear burden conditions. Keywords- Shunt Active Power Line Conditioners ( APLC ) , Hysteresis Current Controller ( HCC ) , Sinusoidal current accountant, Positive sequence electromotive force sensor. Introduction Power transmittal and distribution systems are criticized by power quality jobs due to the non-linear tonss, such as power convertors, rectifiers, arc furnaces and other industrial applications like variable velocity thrusts. These non-linear tonss introduce harmonic deformation in the power distribution system [ 1 ] . The current harmonics cause the malfunctions in sensitive equipment, overvoltage by resonance and harmonic electromotive force bead across the web electric resistance that consequence is hapless power factor. Traditionally these jobs were solved by LC inactive filters. But in practical applications these inactive filters introduce aging and tuning jobs, resonance, big size and it ‘s besides limited to few harmonics. The different constellations of inactive VAR compensators ( SVCs ) have been participated for solve these jobs of power-factor rectification. Unfortunately some SVCs produce lower-order harmonics themselves and response clip of some SVCs may be excess ively long to be acceptable for fast-fluctuating tonss [ 2-3 ] . Recently active power filters ( APF ) or active power-line conditioners ( APLC ) are developed for compensate the current-harmonics and reactive power at the same time due to power factor rectification [ 4 ] . The APLC has the ability to maintain the brinies current balanced after counterbalancing regardless of either the burden is non-linear and/or imbalanced conditions. The APLC can be connected in series for operate as electromotive force beginning and in analogue for operate as current beginning, but the series APF is non found in common practical usage, so this paper concentrate the shunt APLC system [ 5 ] . Controller is the sole of the active power filter and presently batch of research is being conducted and proposed assorted control schemes [ 6-7 ] . The sinusoidal current accountant algorithm is widely applied for active filter design, because simple mathematical computation, hardiness and good dynamic response. This accountant contains of positive sequence electromotive force sensor and instantaneous power theory ( p-q theory ) concept [ 3 ] . The footing of instantaneous power theory is supplying good compensation features. Current harmonics is achieved by shooting equal but opposite current harmonic constituents at the point of common yoke ( PCC ) , there by call offing the original deformation and bettering the power quality on the connected power system. This paper presents sinusoidal current accountant based shunt APLC for current harmonics and reactive power compensation under non-linear and imbalanced tonss. The shunt APLC is implemented with three stage PWM electromotive force beginning inverter and connected to the Ac mains web at the point of common matching for compensate the harmonics by shooting equal but opposite harmonic counterbalancing current. The mention currents are generated utilizing sinusoidal current accountant and PWM-VSI gate control signals are derived from hysteresis current accountant, this attack is different from conventional methods. The Proportional Integral ( PI ) accountant used to keep the dc-side electrical capacity electromotive force of the PWM inverter invariable. The shunt APLC is investigated and measured assorted parametric quantity values under different tonss. Sinusoidal Current Control scheme Shunt APLC system design Shunt active power filter is connected in analogue with the distribution supply and the non-linear tonss at the point of common yoke. The three stage active power filter consist of six power transistors with drifting rectifying tubes, a District of Columbia capacitance, RL filter, compensation accountant ( sinusoidal current accountant ) and gate signal generator ( hysteresis current accountant ) shown in the fig 1. The mention current generated utilizing sinusoidal current accountant and this accountant contains the positive sequence electromotive force sensor and instantaneous power theory computations. The RL-filter suppresses the harmonics caused by the switching operation of the IGBTs inverter. Current harmonics is achieved by shooting equal but opposite current harmonic constituents at the point of common yoke, there by call offing the original deformation and bettering the power quality on the affiliated power distributed system. PWM-VSI Hysteresis Current Controller VDC VDC, ref Vsa, Vsb, Vsc isa, isb, isc ica, icb, Interstate Commerce Commission Rs, Ls PCC Filter isa* , isb* , isc* Nitrogen Unbalanced burden RL, LL 3-Phase Beginning A Bacillus C RL LL C Bacillus A Non-sinusoidal Load Current Detector Voltage Detector A Bacillus C Gram PI Controller Vdc Sensor Instantaneous Power theory computation Sinusoidal current control Positive sequence electromotive force sensor CDC Fig 1 Shunt APLC implemented with PWM-VSI Configuration Sinusoidal current control scheme The block diagram of the sinusoidal current control scheme is shown in fig 2. This block contains the Positive sequence electromotive force sensor, PI accountant, Clarke transmutation, Instantaneous power computation, Low base on balls filter ( LPF ) , current computation and Inverse Clarke transmutation. The deformed or unbalanced electromotive force beginnings involved the cardinal positive sequence electromotive force sensor ( shown in fig 3 ) , which uses a PLL circuit ( shown in fig 4 ) locked to the cardinal frequence of the system voltages. It should synchronising angle to bring forth unitary and balanced sinusoidal electromotive force signals. These instantaneous 3-phase co-ordinate electromotive forces are transformed into the co-ordinates by utilizing the Clarke transmutation, it can be written as [ 3 ] The instantaneous beginning current besides transformed into the co-ordinates by Clarke transmutation ; Whereand axes are the extraneous co-ordinates and are on the-axis and are on the-axis. Let the instantaneous existent power calculated in the -axis and the -axis of the current and electromotive force severally. They are given by the conventional definition of existent power as follows: This instantaneous existent powerallows merely the cardinal frequence with the set of Butterworth design based 50 Hz low base on balls filter for calculate the existent power losingss and it ‘s defined as The DC power losingss calculated from PWM-voltage beginning inverter electrical capacity electromotive force and compared with coveted mention electromotive force. The relative integral ( PI ) accountant is finding the dynamic response and settling clip of the DC coach electromotive force, it can be written as The conventional instantaneous existent power calculated from the existent power loss and the dc power loss, it can be defined as follows ; The instantaneous current on the co-ordinates of are divided into two sorts of instantaneous current constituents ; foremost is existent power loss and 2nd is reactive power loss, this accountant computed merely the existent power losingss. The co-ordinate currents are calculated from thevoltages with instantaneous existent power and reactive power assume as nothing. This attack is reduced the computations and different from the conventional methods ; the co-ordinate currents can be calculated as The mentions of the compensating currents are calculated outright without any clip hold by utilizing the instantaneous -coordinate currents. The coveted mentions current derivate from the opposite Clarke transmutation, it can be written as The mention currents compared with existent beginning current and generated PWM-VSI gate thrust signals utilizing the hysteresis accountant. Positive sequence sensor Clarke Transformation Instantaneous Real ( P ) power computation Inverse Clarke Transformation -? current computation PI accountant LPF vsa vsb vsc isa isb isc V? V? i? i? V? V? Vdc Vdc, ref ic? ic? isa* isb* isc* Fig 2 Block diagram for the sinusoidal current control scheme The little sum of existent power is adjusted by altering the amplitude of cardinal constituent of mention current and the aim of this algorithm is to counterbalance all unwanted constituents. The control scheme indicates that shunt APLC should pull the opposite of the non active current of the burden and the consequences shown remunerated currents are relative to the corresponding stage electromotive force. When the power system electromotive forces are balanced and sinusoidal, it leads to constant power at the dc-side capacitance. Positive sequence electromotive force sensor Fig 3 shows the block diagram of the positive-sequence electromotive force sensor, it consists portion of PLL circuit, Clarke transmutation, instantaneous power computation ( p-q theory construct ) , voltage computation and reverse transmutation. The electromotive forces are transformed into the co-ordinates to determineusing Clarke transmutation ( mention equation 1 ) . They are used to run into with subsidiary currents that are produced in the PLL circuit to cipher the subsidiary powers. The amplitude of the subsidiary currents is set to integrity. The first order Butterworth low base on balls filter with cutoff frequence at 50 Hz is used for obtaining the mean powers. Clarke Transformation Instantaneous power computation Inverse Clarke Transformation ?-? electromotive force computation LPF Vsa Vsb Vsc V? V? i? PLL circuit LPF i? V? ‘ V? ‘ Fig 3 positive sequence electromotive force sensor The instantaneous electromotive forces which correspond to clip maps of the cardinal positive sequence electromotive force sensor of the system The instantaneous three-phase electromotive forces can be calculated from the co-ordinate ‘s electromotive forces by using the opposite Clarke transmutation The positive sequence electromotive force sensor provides good moral forces and satisfactory truth even under non-linear or imbalanced burden conditions. The sensing of the cardinal positive-sequence constituents of is necessary in the sinusoidal current control scheme. This control scheme makes the shunt APLC to counterbalance burden currents, which produces mean existent power merely is supplied by the beginning. Phase locked cringle ( PLL ) circuit The PLL-synchronizing circuit shown in fig 4 determines automatically the system frequence and the inputs are line electromotive forces and. The end products of the PLL circuit are the co-ordinate synchronism currents. The current feedback signals and is built up by the PLL circuit and clip built-in of end product calculated of the PI-Controller. It is holding unity amplitude and lead to 1200 these represent a feedback from the frequence. -cos ( ?t – ?/2 ) Sin ( ?t – ?/2 ) Sin ( ?t ) Sin ( ?t+2?/3 ) Pi Accountant Vab Vcb ? Fig 4 Phase locked loop circuit The PLL synchronising circuit can make a stable point of operation when the input of the PI accountant has a nothing norm value ( ) . Once the circuit is stabilized, the mean value of is zero and the stage angle of the supply system electromotive force at cardinal frequence is reached. At this status, the currents become extraneous to the cardinal stage electromotive force constituent. The PLL synchronism end product currents are defined as The PLL design should let proper operation under distorted and imbalanced supply electromotive forces. The PLL synchronism end product currents used to find the instantaneous power computation and generate unitary and balanced sinusoidal electromotive force. Hysteresis current accountant iactual ( T ) iref ( T ) vitamin E ( T ) emax emin iout vout Liter Fig 5 Hysteresis current accountant The current mistake is derived from the comparing of coveted mention current and the existent beginning current shown in fig 4. If the mistake current is exceed the upper bound of the hysteresis set ( h=0.5 ) , the upper switch of the inverter arm is turned OFF and the lower switch is turned ON. As a consequence, the current starts to disintegrate. If the mistake current crosses the lower bound of the hysteresis set ( h=-0.5 ) , the lower switch of the inverter arm is turned OFF and the upper switch is turned ON. As a consequence, the current gets back into the hysteresis set. The scope of the mistake signaldirectly controls the sum of ripple electromotive force in the end product current from the PWM-VSI. Consequence and analysis The public presentation of the proposed sinusoidal current control scheme based shunt APLC is evaluated through Matlab tools in order to pattern and prove the system under non-linear and/or imbalanced burden conditions. The system parametric quantities values are ; Line to line beginning electromotive force is 440 V ; System frequence ( degree Fahrenheit ) is 50 Hz ; Source electric resistance of RS, LS is 1 ? and 0.1 mH ; Filter electric resistance of Rc, Lc is 1 ? and 0.5 mH ; Diode rectifier RL, LL burden is 20 ? and 200 mH ; Unbalanced three stage RL, LL burden electric resistance is R1=10 ? , R2=50 ? , R3=90 ? and 10 mH severally ; DC side electrical capacity ( CDC ) is 1200 ?F ; Reference electromotive force ( VDC, ref ) is 400 V ; Power devices build by IGBT/diode. Non-linear burden status: The non-linear or non-sinusoidal RL burden consists of six-pulse rectifying tube Rectifier and connected Ac chief web. The Non-linear RL burden of rectifying tube rectifier parametric quantities are 20 ohms and 200 mH and the simulation clip is t=0 to 0.1s. The simulation consequence of beginning current after compensation is presented in fig. 5 ( a ) that indicates the current is sinusoidal. The rectifying tube rectifier burden current or beginning current before compensation is shown in fig 5 ( B ) . The coveted mention cardinal current extracted from the proposed sinusoidal current accountant, shown in fig. 5 ( degree Celsius ) . The shunt APLC supplies the counterbalancing current that is shown in fig. 5 ( vitamin D ) . These current wave forms are peculiar stage ( phase a ) . Other stages are non shown as they are merely phase shifted by 1200 ( a ) ( degree Celsius ) ( B ) ( vitamin D ) Fig.5 Simulation consequences for three-phase active-power-line conditioners under non-linear burden status ( a ) Source current after APLC, ( B ) Load currents or beginning current before compensation, ( degree Celsius ) Mention currents by the sinusoidal current control algorithm and ( vitamin D ) Compensation current by APLC Non-Linear with Unbalanced burden status: The three stage unbalanced RL burden connected parallel with diode rectifier non-linear burden in the three stage Ac chief web, shown in fig 1. The imbalanced three stage RL burden electric resistance are R1=10 ? , R2=50 ? , R3=90 ? and 10 mH severally and the simulation clip is t=0 to 0.1s counted. The imbalanced RL burden current or beginning current before compensation is shown in 6 ( a ) . The three-phase beginning current after compensation is presented in fig. 6 ( B ) that indicates the current becomes sinusoidal. The shunt APLC supplies the counterbalancing current based on the proposed accountant that is shown in fig. 6 ( degree Celsius ) . We have to boot achieved power factor rectification as shown in fig. 6 ( vitamin D ) , a-phase electromotive force is in- stage with a-phase current. ( B ) ( degree Celsius ) ( vitamin D ) ( a ) Fig.6 Simulation consequences for three-phase active-power-line conditioners under non-linear with imbalanced burden status ( a ) RL Load current ( B ) Source current after APLC ( degree Celsius ) Compensation current by APLC and ( vitamin D ) integrity power factor wave forms. DC side capacitance electromotive force settling clip: The dc side electrical capacity electromotive force ( Cdc ) subsiding clip are controlled by relative built-in ( PI ) accountant and this accountant reduces the ripple electromotive force. The subsiding clip value in both non-linear and imbalanced status ( t=0.02s ) are same and it ‘s plotted in fig 7. Fig 7 the DC side capacitance electromotive force subsiding clip are same in both non-linear and non-linear with imbalanced burden ( t=0.02s ) Order of harmonics: The Fourier analysis of the beginning current with the cardinal frequence is plotted in fig 9. This order of the harmonics plotted under non-linear and imbalanced status utilizing sinusoidal current accountant based shunt APLC system. ( a ) ( B ) ( degree Celsius ) Fig 9 Order of harmonics ( a ) under the non-linear burden status, the beginning current without APLC ( THD=24.95 % ) , ( B ) under the non-linear status with APLC ( THD=3.93 % ) and ( degree Celsius ) under the non-linear with imbalanced burden status beginning current with APLC compensation ( THD=3.50 % ) Entire harmonic deformation ( THD ) : The entire harmonic deformation measured from the beginning current on the distribution system. The sinusoidal current accountant based compensator filter made additive beginning current to the supply. The entire harmonic deformation measured and compared both non-linear and non-linear with imbalanced burden status, shown in table 2. Table 2 FFT analysis of Total harmonic deformation ( THD ) Condition ( THD ) Beginning Current ( IS ) without APLC Beginning Current ( IS ) with APLC Non-linear burden 24.95 % 3.93 % Non-linear with Unbalanced burden 21.95 % 3.50 % Power factor 0.9188 0.9999 The simulation is done assorted non-linear and non-linear with imbalanced burden conditions. The sinusoidal current control based counterbalancing active filter made balance duty even the system is imbalanced. FFT analysis of the active filter brings the THD of the beginning current less than 5 % into adopted with IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-3 criterions harmonic under non-linear and/or imbalanced burden conditions. Decision The shunt active power line conditioner connected to the power distribution system on Ac brinies in analogue with the burden ; compensates the current harmonics and reactive power due to the non additive and/or unbalanced tonss. The electromotive force deformations are compensated by positive-sequence electromotive force sensor and harmonic extracted from changeless instantaneous power control scheme. The mention current ( s ) are generated utilizing sinusoidal current control algorithm and PWMVSI gate signals are generated from hysteresis set current accountant. The PI-controller used to keep the dc-side electrical capacity electromotive force of the PWM inverter invariable. The shunt APLC is investigated in footings of order of harmonics, THD and VDC settling clip under different burden conditions. The mensural sum harmonic deformation of the beginning currents conformity with IEEE 519-1992 and IEC 61000-3 criterions. This proposed sinusoidal current control algorithm based APLC sy stem can be implemented field programmable gate array ( FPGA ) devices attempted as a future work. How to cite Sinusoidal Current Control Strategy Based Active Power Engineering Essay, Essay examples

Work and Organizations Tesla Motors

Question: Discuss about theWork and Organizationsfor Tesla Motors. Answer: Introduction The study is focusing on the change of workplace in modern organizations from 1990s to 2016. It also describes the future trends of the workplace in terms of automobile industry. The study will describe the change of workplace in Tesla Motors. The main theme of the study is focused on automation. In the service industry, online ordering process and automated answering are the most trending system of automation that are practiced in every sector of industries. Review on the Changing Nature of Work Three Points in the Changing Nature of Work In the video it is seen that the assembling facility of Tesla Motors is very innovative. Earlier the nature of the facility was different. There was more number of people in the assembling and manufacturing site when compared to modern facility site. Introduction of new technologies is responsible for the change of work patterns. Innovation of technologies not only improves the quality of the product but also it enhances the working condition of the people at the facility. The video of the manufacturing site of Tesla Motors illustrates different types of huge and small robots that help in assembling of the parts of the motors. This is a significant aspect not only in the technological point of view but also in the change in nature of the workplace. It is seen that there are 3000 workers present in the assembling facility of Tesla Motors. They are very competent so that they can handle the activities of the robots. Control of the activities and ensuring the quality of assembling of different parts of the car require talent and multipurpose skills which is present in the modern workers but are not present in the workers of 90s. The human resource department of Tesla Motors is adopting skills that are meeting the demands of the employees that include employee engagement, job designation, job enhancement, etc. Prediction of Workplace in the Next 5 to 10 years By analyzing the video of Tesla Motors it can be said that the systems of operations Tesla Motors are improved and they are focused on catering the needs of the employees as well as the customers. Prediction of changes in the workplace of Tesla Motors includes different types of improved measures of human resource management process (Cooke 2013). Apart from that, the innovation of technology will enhance more number of robots not only in the assembling section of Tesla but also in the other manufacturing locations, corporate offices, and regional offices. However, it will not only increase the responsibility of the workers but also it will build a new dimension of responsibility and competent skill sets among the employees (Gubbi et al. 2013). Innovation of the technologies will also be implemented to formulate strategies of the improved human resource management. In the coming decade, the whole operational procedures of the various departments of Tesla Motors will drastically change with the implementation of technologies in every aspect (Al Ariss et al. 2014). Implications In terms of employment related changes and employment conditions, change will be there as the whole format of working procedure of the employees. In the future decade, the skill sets and capabilities of the employees will be different from now. Hence, there would be new forms of recruitment and selection procedures for identification of right talents for the organization (Liebowitz and Frank 2016). However, there are training modules that would be formulated for the development of the expertise and skills of the employees associated with the assembling and manufacturing site of Tesla Motors. The company will have to give priority to its employees so that they can increase the productivity of the company as a whole. Innovation may lead to development of many technologies that are self sufficient. Those machines are called robots and they do not require any human assistance for performing the work. In the video, the robots used in the assembling site of Tesla Motors are very powerful. They are capable of doing things that are not possible for a single person. However, the robots have to monitor which require human assistance. This should be developed among the workers present in the different departments of the assembly location (Peretz 2013). Workplace Behavioral Issues The workplace behavioral issues that the companies in the service industry will adapt are motivation, employee engagement, decision-making and the job satisfaction. It is seen that the automation has reduced the physical labour of the employees but the mental pressure is gradually increasing day by day. However, it can be said that in the changed advanced working environment, employees should keep motivated and have the power of decision-making in the field of operations (Nabrzyski et al. 2012). HR managers of organizations should formulate strategies that would motivate the employees in performing their duties efficiently. Monetary and non-monetary benefits are to be provided so that they can give their best input to the work in order to accomplish the organizational goals. In the competitive business world, companies are not only giving priorities to the products or services but also they are giving priority to their employees (Morgeson et al. 2013). Employees are considered as ass ets of the organization. Job designs are to be structured in a way so that talented employees can get attracted to the opportunities provided by the companies of service industries. Another aspect is employee engagement. It is related to the decision-making ability of the employees who are working with the changed environment. Companies must motivate their junior or middle level employees in the decision-making process as they closely work with the different aspects of automations and technology (Brewster and Mayrhofer 2012). Conclusion The study illustrates different types of innovation developed by service and manufacturing industry. The video of Tesla Motors describes that how human beings develop robots that are highly efficient in doing heavy works. It is an example of automation in the automobile manufacturing industry. Apart from that, the robots and other automated machines are used in the assembling and manufacturing facilities of BMW and other automobile companies. Employee related aspects are also described in context of advancement of technology in a detailed manner. References Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. Brewster, C. and Mayrhofer, W. eds., 2012.Handbook of research on comparative human resource management. Edward Elgar Publishing. Cooke, F.L., 2013.Human resource management in China: New trends and practices. Routledge. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S. and Palaniswami, M., 2013. Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions.Future Generation Computer Systems,29(7), pp.1645-1660. Liebowitz, J. and Frank, M. eds., 2016.Knowledge management and e-learning. CRC press. Morgeson, F.P., Aguinis, H., Waldman, D.A. and Siegel, D.S., 2013. Extending corporate social responsibility research to the human resource management and organizational behavior domains: A look to the future.Personnel Psychology,66(4), pp.805-824. Nabrzyski, J., Schopf, J.M. and Weglarz, J. eds., 2012.Grid resource management: state of the art and future trends(Vol. 64). Springer Science Business Media. Peretz, H., 2013. Information Technology Systems in the Human Resource Management Area. InGlobal Trends in Human Resource Management(pp. 214-236). Palgrave Macmillan UK.

Room division Essay Example

Room division Essay The guest cycle and the operational and managerial activities for each stage. They should also be able to come up with reports on evaluating operations in the rooms division. Communication between housekeeping and other Hotel departments. Human resources in the rooms division department and its importance. Course Outline 1 . The Rooms Dolls Introduction Organization of the Rooms Division Organization of rooms division department Interrelationship and communication within rooms Division department with other departments 2. Housekeeping The role of the housekeeping department Management theory and the housekeeper Housekeeping operations Liaison of Housekeeping and Front Office Automated rooms management In hotels Budgeting and control Planning and forecasting 3. Front Office Operations Organization of the Front Office The role of the Front Office The guest cycle Registration Responsibility during guest stay Checkout and settlement Evaluating Front Office Customer care skills 4. Reservations Roles of Reservation Link with marketing Operations Concept of yield management Reservations management 5. Night Audit The process Daily Revenue report Relevance 6. Management Functions of Rooms Division Planning, Organizing, Leading and controlling Establishing room rates Forecasting room availability Budgeting for operations Managing human resources Qualities of Front Office Staff Evaluating of Front Office Operations 7. Human resource management in rooms division department Recruitment and selection Induction and training Motivation and empowerment Staff disciplining Methodology The course will be taught through lectures, discussions, class presentations and research and industrial visits. We will write a custom essay sample on Room division specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Room division specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Room division specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Practical (a) Seek consent to do daily cleaning of a room following the required procedure, (b) Make a list of all cleaning chemicals used. (c)Make a bed ensuring you grasp the procedure (50) it. Report on the important concepts learnt in the housekeeping department during he familiarization visit and hand it for marking, (50) April 2012 Group Assignment 2 In groups of 11, Using 3 different hotels in Zombie compare and contrast their operations in the following sections: Group A Reservations Group B Methods of establishing room rates Group C Front office operations Group D Security in the hotel.

Early american history Native americans- the awakening essays

Early american history Native americans- the awakening essays Social Structure Amidst the Native Americans No one is quite sure how the Native Americans first came to the Americas but there are two main theories. The first theory is that hunters crossed an Ice bridge that stretched across the Pacific Ocean from Asia to Alaska and discovered a land that could only be described as a hunters paradise. The second theory is that they came by boats and followed the shoreline south until they found a place they wanted to stay. Either way the reasons they stayed were pretty much the same- good land and plentiful food. These people spread over the Americas and started new lives there. While they all had similar origins they all also came up with and perfected customs in their own way. The most diverse groups were the Meso/South Americans and the North Americans. The North Americans had mostly organized themselves into small tribes/Chiefdoms. While some of the communities were democracies, most chose their leaders from the prominent families within the community. The bigger the community was the more likely it was that it would survive. While battles were semi-common wars were not. Fighting chiefdoms sought more to humiliate and take captives than to kill. In fact Chiefdoms could be at war for years and have no casualties. These chiefdoms spread all the way from Alaska to Florida with a total of what was thought to be almost 10 million people living in North America. The Mesoamericans on the other hand was ruled by a group of people known as the ruling class, which made up mostly of priest and wealthy merchants who claimed to have a special affiliation with a certain god. Unlike the North Americans, the Mesoamericans fought a lot, mostly over land and territory expansion. These communities were bigger than the North Americans and when they fought many died in battle. To support themselves the Mesoamericans whose culture focused on agriculture, began to farm and trade with large...

The role of regulation and crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The role of regulation and crisis - Essay Example The subprime crisis was also an outcome of negligence of financial regulatory body as well as the professionals engaged in accounting and auditing process. To have a better understanding of financial crisis the role of government, regulatory body, accounting system & standards, political environment and capitalism needs an analysis. From 2001, the Lamfalussy framework was introduced in EU system of supervision and regulation. The framework was arranged in four separate levels and published by European council (Great Britain: Parliament: House of Lords: European Union Committee, 2009, p.12). These regulations are responsible for making the accounting and auditing process more transparent. After the great depression, International Monitory Fund and World Bank were established to avoid the causes which actually results into depression. But these regulatory bodies are almost 65 years old and are ill equipped to handle the complex banking environment of 21st century. Almost all the major economies have their own regulatory bodies, like Financial Services Authority (FSA) of UK and the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in US, but they failed to check the financial crisis. Even the Basel II Accord agreement that was published in 2004 failed to detect and control credit crunch. Many banks are blaming Mark to Mark et system for development of such a disastrous financial crisis (Rayner, 2008). The financial system is based on the trust and faith, but collapse of Lehman Brothers, Bank of America and PNC Bank Corp are few examples of how the policymakers and regulators failed to maintain people’s faith in them. Most surprisingly America’s financial system failed to manage risk and proper allocation of capital (Stiglitz, 2008). Fair Value Accounting or US Accounting Standard FAS 157 is basically used for determining fair value or market value of the assets and the liability. Many critics argued that fair value accounting is highly

Reason in Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 4

Reason in Philosophy - Essay Example In the Twilight of the Idols, he describes the problem of the early philosophers such as Socrates and he says, "you want to know what the philosophers' idiosyncrasies are?... Their lack of historical sense for one thing, their hatred of the very idea of becoming, their Egypticity. They believe that they ought to be showing respect for something when they dehistoricize it, sub specie aeterni,- when they turn it into a mummy." He believes that for the past decade or so, philosophers (attempting to define why society is the way it is, or why someone behaves as they do), have lost touch. They use concepts that have been mummified, meanings that they kill the idea as it is and instead, stuff it with their beliefs. When they are faced with questions they cannot handle or that is beyond their reasoning, they look for reasons to criticize it (NIETZSCHE). The irony in his way of reasoning enables the reader to understand why he completely differs from every other philosophers explanations. It is his interpretation of what reasoning ought to be. This guides the themes he discusses in his first book where he rejects God and Christianity and sees them only as generalizations and a point whereby the philosophers confuse the idea of causal from effect. As a result, they take the obvious truths - the last idea, which is Christianity that ought not to be included, and criticizes what they accept as good since for him it is evil. According to Nietzsche, good people are great liars. As such, the society has embraced this morality to Christians who, in essence, are reasonable. A reasonable person, in this case, refers to an individual who embraces alternative truths. Thus, the society tends to criticize people by morally generalizing them. His justification for this argument, is that a strong person has learnt to put his personal desires for p ower that brings happiness to most humans under control, instead of being caught in crossfire of trying to justify themselves (Nietzsche).

Training And Development Programme For Coca Cola Commerce Essay

Training And Development Programme For Coca Cola Commerce Essay The purpose of this task is to analyze the main Training and Development issues experienced by Coca Cola and to give them possible solutions and best methods to resolve those issues. (Coca Cola, 2010)Furthermore is how Training and Development is used to identify the reliability of the workers to perform more effectively which enhances the businesss performance. Coco Cola has hired Valmax Consultancy which is a permanent and temporary agreement recruiting consultancy which provides recruiting solutions, seeking and offering quality team and offering the workers training to perform in a company. Current strategy and Organizations goal The company has been in continuous efforts to be one of best from the day it started. The company would never want to settle anything less than No1 position, the vision as per Coca Cola is to be the best in the class, just not to fulfill but to exceed the demands of consumers. They are moving with 2020 plan where they look to become world leaders.   The US generates 40% of TCCCs operating revenues. (Coca Cola, 2012) Internal context Coca Cola is a famous product that has been regarded as a living symbol of Joy, Youth and Prosperity. Since its beginning in 1886 Coca Cola has obtained momentum making it a worldwide identified product with a profile of more than 3000 beverages. Coca Cola has led the beverages industry growing to other marketplaces accomplishing an oligopoly position with an enormous business creating them the world innovator for carbonate drinks. (Coca Cola, 2010) External context Coca Cola has been working on the saying slow and steady wins the race, side by side retailing to every more of its competitors. With the evolution of being one of the top brands, it is always difficult to sustain with the competitors. Various brands that give tough competition to Coca Cola like PepsiCo,inc. Nestle S.A etc., manufacturing soft drinks and also various other products that makes the competition tough. 200 countries and more than 500 products do have a huge competition to face. (Coca Cola, 2012) Training and Development Vision The training strategies in Coca Cola focus on bridging the gap between the organization needs with the consumer needs. The target is to produce quality of labor with various educational, technical and analytical skills among employees. The perspective of Coca Cola is to enhance its training and development in way which does not affect the creativity of the workers, and therefore allows it to create an advantage for the company. (Emerald, 2011) Training need analysis Training need analysis is about identifying the training gap between your actual or current performance and your required standards. For Example If you need to go to A to B you must know what is A and what is B. Valmax Consultancy has identified the required performance standards of Coca Cola i.e. what skills, knowledge and behaviors are needed to do the job effectively for the workers through which employees can do their work differently and in a better way to fulfill the objectives of the company. Organizational component Coca Cola needs to make sure that the strategic needs of the company are taken into account. The business training needs are especially arranged to make sure that the company can benefit from the performance enhancement of the workers. (Emerald, 2011) Operational component In the needs evaluation a functional research looks to analyze the objectives of the company (short-term and long-term), and the styles that are likely to impact these objectives. Coca Cola needs to make sure that the potency of the company can enhance to be able to improve the functional efficiency. (CIPD, 2012) Personal component This analysis obliviously targets individual workers. A very critical facet of individual research is to decide which necessary KSAs have already been discovered by the potential trainees so that valuable training time is not lost repeating what has already been obtained. (Blanchard and Thacker, 2010) 7S McKinsey framework (Please refer Appendix 3) Best Practice Training Methodology Among the various methods, the company uses techniques like Training on wheels an initiative that provided relevant sales managers or staff for retail chain. (Henry, 2008) Training and Learning Theories Social learning theory According to Albert Bandura, the Social learning theory has become the most influential theory of learning and development. He argues that people can learn new information and behavior by watching other people i.e. modeling or observational learning can be used to analyze the employees behavior. (Deeming and Johnson, 2009) C:UsersNIKHILDesktopelaboration theory diagram.jpgSource Google image 2012 Social learning theory is also the rationale behind using specific training methods for Coca-Cola. A modeling process will be involved in the training program in which employees will be able to learn through the observations. This will be done while having the role plays and workshops to make the social learning successful. Certain requirements and steps will be followed which are as follows: Attention The employees need to pay attention to avoid the negative effect of observational learning. Retention They must keep the given information in their mind so that they can use it later and act accordingly. Reproduction This time the employees will have to perform whatever they have observed. Motivation Experiencing these motivators can be highly effective. For example if a student comes in the class on time and he has been rewarded by the tutor so you can get motivation through that and start coming on time. (Blanchard and Thacker, 2010) Trends in Training When the Coca Cola started the journey towards being one the best manufacturers for soft drinks, the company did not need much of training to be conducted as the jobs were assigned with respect to the labor available (Emerald, 2011). Later the competition and the business needs did create a requirement where the employees need to be trained in technical skills, business skills and leadership skills. (Henry, 2008) Training Program structure and Design The basic structure would be like senior level management team, then the business managers, supervisors and then ground level employees. The hierarchy would mostly remain the same however; it might change with the requirement with the business needs. (Blanchard and Thacker, 2010) Leadership Training audience:  Senior level Managers, Top level Executives Training Objective:  Management will be able to evaluate modifying company surroundings and its corresponding results on company. Management will also be able to implement the new possibilities and to find alternatives for possible risks. Training method:  The business leaders have different role play to do when compared. Leaders mainly interact with clients directly or indirectly, understand the requirements of the clients and what resources they can provide for fulfillment of the contract or the business. Coaching Coaching to the business leaders have to be done with a person who have vast experience in the field and probably have seen many companies shaping up on his career. This is just to polish the skills and then provide guidance in decision making and objection handling when making and business decision or a deal. (CIPD, 2011) Conference Like the business schools meets, every big organization have their own conferences arranged at various business locations. This helps in business leaders interact with other leaders across the globe. Management Training audience: The group will have customer service managers, sales managers, design managers or line managers. Training Objective: The objective would be to understand the current skills of the managers and help them learn and understand new set of skills that matches business requirements.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Training method:  Role play is something like wearing someone else shoes to understand the depth of the job. This is very much like an actor trying to play a role in a skit. She/he has to shape according to the requirement of the character. E- Learning: E-learning technology is like bringing world in front of our eyes. This is one of solution for organization to reduce the time for trainings and have employees go through different phases of training by sitting at desk with a computer or in a conference with co-managers. (Jethro, Grace and Thomas, 2012) Technical Training audience: The target crowd would be like assistant managers, middle level supervisors and co-workers Training Objective: Objective behind this would be to train the employees to be more efficient in technical skills and with the latest technology. The global leaders would want new innovations to come through that would improve the business strength. Training method: Guided discussion and storytelling: This would be more a practical way of leaning the things rather than just be a theoretical way of training that takes through various slides or modules. This helps the employees to come out with the new ideas that can be implemented for business needs. Trainings can be held in a closed environment like a meeting hall or we can build training rooms in the office premises that could accommodate a group of people with latest equipment. Coca colas and organization have professional training rooms with all infrastructures that can provide complete assistance in training. Benefits of Training and Development Thereby, training and development is beneficial not just for the company itself but also to the individual workers. Here, training and development leads to improved success and more positive behavior toward profit alignment, enhance the job abilities and knowledge at all levels of Coca Cola. On the other hand, this training and development program benefits personal workers through helping them make better choices, helping in motivating and achieving self-development and self-confidence, helping an employee to handle stress, disappointment and moving the individual toward personal objectives. (Blanchard and Thacker, 2010) Learning Outcomes The greatest aim of this training technique is to create and enhance a lifestyle of company learning at Coca-Cola. It helps to build a future living in the present and working together toward the dreams. E-Learnings and job training benefits to build leaders among the co-workers. Additional resources are available for the management and can use them when required. 50% of the investment cost in training the employee after being assigned to a role would reduce. This would be most cost effective and efficient methods. Risk management Risk management is one of the aspects which cannot be prevented in training strategy. A number of threats are associated with creating this training strategy for Coca Cola. One of the key threats is the workers level of ability to resist change. This can cause level of resistance from employees, as well as the growth of anger among employees (CIPD, 2012).The way to decrease this particular danger is to make sure that an employee participation approach is used, which can decrease the concerns of the employees, while also helping the advancement within the worker. (CIPD, 2012) Evaluation of the Training Evaluation is the last level of the training process which helps the company to evaluate the effectiveness of the training program (CIPD, 2012). Kirkpatricks model of evaluation includes four levels of evaluation which can be used to evaluate the potency of the training of Coca Cola. (Please refer Appendix 2) Reaction will be determined as what the members thought of the system, such as material, trainers, features, technique, content, etc. Responses on reaction set of questions will help to ensure against choices based on content of unhappy participants. (Omar, 2009) (Please refer Appendix 1) Learning assessment involves calculating the level to which concepts, information, techniques, and abilities have been obtained. There are many different actions of learning, such as paper-and-pencil assessments, expertise methods, and job models. (Iqbal, Maharvi, Malik and Khan, 2011). Behavioral change will be calculated to determine the level to which abilities and knowledge discovered in the system have converted into enhanced behavior on the job. Evaluation of results includes tracking business enhancement such as cost benefits, work outcome and quality changes. (Kirkpatrick, and Kirkpatrick, 2010) Conclusion This training technique is designed with organizational objectives and perspective of Coca-Cola and also the present difficulties they are experiencing. At Coca Cola, we create it a concern to cure their individuals well, help them create and provide them a fulfilling operating life. By offering training and development program, role plays, coaching and feedback, we make sure that everyone who performs in Coca Cola has the sources they need to understand more and develop their professions. And also to have some fun along the way we want CocaCola to be a good place to work where individuals are motivated to be the best they can be. References Blanchard .P and Thacker .J, 2010. Effective training: Systems, strategies and best practices, 4th ed. New Jersey: Pearson CIPD, 2011. The coaching climate [online] Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/binaries/Coaching%20climate%202011.pdf [Accessed 21st November 2012] CIPD, 2012. Evaluating learning and talent development [online] Available at: http://www.cipd.co.uk/hr-resources/factsheets/evaluating-learning-talent-development.aspx [Accessed 22nd November2012] Coca-Cola, 2010. Annual Review: Business Profile [pdf] Available at http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/ourcompany/ar/pdf/TCCC_2010_Annual_Review_Business_Profile.pdf [Accessed 21st November2012] Coca-Cola, 2012. Coca-Cola, Ford Motor Company, H.J. Heinz Company, NIKE, Inc. and Procter Gamble today announced the formation of the Plant PET Technology Collaborative (PTC) [online] Available at: http://www.thecoca-colacompany.com/dynamic/press_center/2012/06/pet-collaborative.html [Accessed 21st November 2012] Deeming .P and Johnson .L, 2009. An application of banduras social learning theory: a new approach to deafblind support groups, Journal of the American Deafness Rehabilitation Association (JADARA), Available through: Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, [Accessed 22nd November 2012] Emerald, 2011. Interview with Robin Gee, Head of Employee Engagement for Coca-Cola Refreshments, Development and Learning in Organizations, 25 (3) Available through: Emerald Insight [Accessed 21st November 2012] Jethro .O, Grace .A and Thomas .A, 2012. E-Learning and Its Effects on Teaching and Learning in a Global Age, International Journal Of Academic Research In Business Social Sciences, 2(1), Available at: Academic Search Complete, EBSCOhost, [Accessed 22nd November 2012] Iqbal .M, Maharvi .M, Malik .S and Khan .M, 2011. An Empirical Analysis of the Relationship between Characteristics and Formative Evaluation of Training, International Business Research, 4(1), Available through: Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost. [Accessed 22nd November 2012] McKinsey Quarterly, 2008. Making talent a strategic priority: The War for Talent never ended. Executives must constantly rethink the way their companies plan to attract, motivate, and retain employees. [online] Available at: https://www.mckinseyquarterly.com/Making_talent_a_strategic_priority_2092 [Accessed 21st November 2012] Omar .M, 2009. Training evaluation: a case study of training Iranian health managers. Human resources for health 7(1) Available at: Directory of open access journals [Accessed 22nd November 2012] Henry, A., 2008, Understanding strategic management, Oxford: Oxford University Press. Kirkpatrick, D. L. and Kirkpatrick, J. D., 2010, Evaluating training programmes, 3rd ed., Accessible Publishing Systems.

Swot Vodafone

Email Developing a total communication strategy in the uk market 1. INTRODUCTION This report will critically analyse the external environment of the mobile phone operators industry with the application of appropriate strategy tools including PESTEL and Michael Porter's five forces models. An immediate result of this would be the identification of opportunities and threats that may arise from change in environmental factors and assessment of the attractiveness of the industry respectively.The report will also analyse critically, the strategic capability of Vodafone, also applying appropriate strategy tools resulting in the identification of key strengths and weaknesses of the firm. The aim here will be to identify and discuss the core competences the firm possesses. To aid the analysis, the report will draw on information from various sources such as: The Vodafone case study on page 557 in the main textbook by Johnson, Scholes and Whittington, Exploring Strategy 9th Edition, Prentice Hall, 2011. Other sources include Keynotes, Mintel and Magazines. . QUESTION ONE: PESTEL, KEY DRIVERS AND MICHAEL PORTER'S 5 FORCES 2. 1 PESTEL The PESTEL framework is used for the analysis and according to Johnson, Scholes and Whittington (2011), â€Å"it provides a comprehensive list of influences on the possible success or failure of particular strategies†. Discussed below are a few issues of PESTEL, please see appendix for other issues. Political/Legal factors Government's privatisation(through Ofcom) of the national telephone company, BT, compelling it to allow access to its network (via Openreach) for voice and broadband.This has helped to break down BT's monopoly thereby creating an opportunity for mobile operators to operate and at competitive rates. (case study p. 558) Economic factors a. The UK economy has still not fully recovered from the financial crisis of 2008, recovering even slower than other countries amidst huge government resuscitation efforts and even con sumer spending is expected to decline by 0. 6 per capita in 2011(the Telegraph, May 2011). This is a threat to the industry as, the slower the economic recovery, the slower the market growth for the mobile operators industry. b. Though the case study(p. 58) says that personal disposal income growth as experienced between 2002 and 2007 was forecasted to resume in the future, recent developments suggest otherwise. Now the future is here, reports say household incomes are falling(NewStatesman, May  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­2011 and Mail Online, May 2011 ). This is a threat to the mobile industry as it means less income at the disposal of households, hence less subscribers to its services. Social factors a. Consumer need for converged services, such as mobile telephony, fixed line telephony, television and broadband internet, was increasing(case study p. 558).This means an opportunity for mobile operators to expand their market as more people are coming on board with t his convergence need which could be a result of the plunge in disposable income so people want all services in one and pay a lower lump sum for all in a bid to ration their income. b. A decline in UK fixed line telephone market as households were becoming â€Å"mobile-only† users. This is an opportunity for mobile operators to capture the market share of fixed line telephone operators in a bid to expand theirs. c. Consumer perceived prestige that comes with owning smartphones is an industry opportunity.For example, everyone wants to have an IPhone, HTC or Blackberry because they are ‘cool' or for other reasons, so operators in the industry can capitalize on this and increase their market share by offering cheap deals. d. Consumer ‘hype' for new and modern technologies as everyone wants to have the latest ‘thing' in technology. This would create an opportunity for the industry to capitalize on and expand their market share. Technological factors a. Developmen t of new technologies, IP(Internet Protocol) for voice, data and video transmission(case study p. 557).The dynamic nature of technology is posing a threat as operators may be stuck with obsolete technology thereby facing a challenge to be pro-active in order to retain market share and keep churn rates at bay. b. Continued upgrading of speeds over mobile networks poses a threat as operators have to keep up with the upgrading of speeds because they might loose customers to service providers who can offer better speeds. Environmental factors As a result of advancement in telecommunications technology, mobile operators have to replace network equipments and hazardous wastes(masts, cables, construction waste etc)frequently.Mobile operators are then faced with the challenge of finding energy efficient ways of recycling which may also be capital intensive, altogether posing a threat. Legal factors a. Ofcom's issuance of licences for additional mobile network operators will pose a threat to incumbent operators( as their market share is threatened) and be an opportunity to potential operators as this will lower entry barriers for them. b. Elaborate legal contracts can also be a threat to the industry as lots of legal obligations have to be satisfied prior to and after entry.Drawing up different phone contracts for different mobile packages can prove challenging for the operators. 2. 2 KEY DRIVERS FOR CHANGE Socio-cultural issue Consumer need for converged services: Consumer needs(which has led Virgin Media to provide multiple services such as the ‘quad play and others providing the triple play) change from time to time and even some firms will try to create the needs for the consumers thereby pushing the industry towards finding ways to satisfy these needs as the market expands. This is one of the major drivers of change for the industry.Technological issue: Development of new Technologies: The dynamic nature of technology will keep operators findings ways to sta y ahead of competitors by developing new technologies such as the IP, digitising high-speed distribution of voice, data and video over multiple networks. 2. 3 MICHAEL PORTER'S 5 FORCES ANALYSIS a. Threat of entry: (low) The barrier of initial capital cost of entry may be daunting but the regulatory changes in the UK communications industry by Ofcom saw the issuance of licences to more mobile operators and also allowing MVNOs to ease network capacity without the capital cost of building their own hence reducing barriers to entry. This has also led to increase in the number of competitors. b. Threat of substitutes: (low/moderate) Considering the advantages of mobile connections (make calls, sending messages/data, music etc), substitutes would be the fixed line connections, skype(or VOIP) on broadband, radio airwaves, phone booths or simply go without. With the fixed line connections, Ofcom reported that the number of lines dropped from 34. 9million in 2003 to 33million in 2009.Call mi nutes had also decreased by 15% from 167billion to 138billion over the same period with mobile minutes expected to exceed fixed line minutes in 2010(Case study p. 558). A report on Broadband news also says that mobile broadband will overtake fixed line connections in 2011. (Broadband Choices 2009). It is likely that the trend will continue in this way, considering the convenience offered by mobile connections, of being able to make a call on the move. c. Competitive rivalry: (high) One of the aims of Ofcom is to ensure healthy competition among operators which saw a rapid growth in the number of competitors.The major competitors in the industry are Vodafone, Telefonica O2, Orange, 3 UK and Tmobile plus lots of MVNO's. According to the case study, wireless operator margins in the UK were up because of strong competition(p. 559). d. Buyer power: (moderate) The main buyers from the industry are households(individuals) and businesses. According to case study(p. 559), average churn(custo mer switching) rates in the market was 20% annually due to the introduction of number portability in 2007 and competitive tactics such as subsidising handsets for subscribers. Customers would switch operators for better offers or added value for their money.To counter this churn rate, most operators have found a way to switch post-paid customers to longer contracts of 18months or even 24months as at 2009. A recent 2011 report (Sim-only deals, 2011) highlights other reasons for low switching rates including provider's loyalty programme and value for money SIM only deals which altogether gives them the power to make customers stay. e. Supplier power: (moderate) The main suppliers to the industry would be the handset makers and Ofcom. Major handset suppliers such as Nokia with 40% of UK handset market and Samsung,21%, supply handsets to the industry under global contracts(case study p. 59). There are more suppliers today including Apple, which is another fast growing supplier as their phones are deemed trendy and a must-have because of its innovative features. Sony-Ericsson, Samsung are among the loads of others. The case study p. 559 says mobile handset sales had experienced a decline in 2009 as UK wireless operators started to offer sim-only plans which allow consumers to retain their current handset and pay lower monthly tariffs. Ofcom on the other hand is the sole provider of spectrum. ATTRACTIVENESS: Based on the evidences from the five forces, the report concludes that the industry is attractive.This being that, though rivalry is high, but other threats and powers are low. Essentially incumbents or new operators can then focus only on competition and worry less about powers and other threats. 3 QUESTION TWO: STRATEGIC CAPABILITIES OF VODAFONE According to Johnson et al. (2011), Strategic capabilities are capabilities of an organization that contribute to its long-term survival or competitive advantage made up of two components: Resources, which are assets t he company has or can call upon and Competenceswhich are ways in which those assets are used or deployed effectively. 3. 1 RESOURCES AND COMPETENCESHuman Resources Vodafone has had a history of experienced CEOs including Arun Sarin(resource), who was skilled in achieving growth in developing markets(competence/strength). Also, Gary Laurence(resource), head of Vodafone UK, appointed CEO in September 2008 was known for his ability to identify strategic options(competence/strength) and the current CEO, Vittorio Colao(resource) who succeeded Arun in 2008 is known for strong reputation as cost cutter. (competence/strength). (Case study page 563) Vodafone's partnership with BT(resource) hosting BT's MVNO, allowed it to provide services to corporations. competence/strength). It started a joint venture with O2(resources) which enabled it to extend its fixed-line network. (competence/strength). Vodafone, in its target of business travelers with passport services(resources), was able to offer home country voice rates while roaming in Europe and mobile data services for ? 10 a day(competence/strength). (case study page 563) Financial Resources Financial Performance of Vodafone: (a) ROCE(Return on Capital Employed): measures the returns made from all forms of resources or capital employed in the business.Vodafone's resources are the capital employed and its competence is shown in the amount of returns generated from utilization these capital. Vodafone's ROCE plunged by 3. 73% to give a ROCE in 2010 of 19. 85. This may be slightly better than industry average but it shows a weakness to efficiently utilise resources to yield maximum profits. Vodafone| 2010| 2009| Industry| ROCE| 19. 85| 20. 59| 19. 48| Source. Morning Star Stock Report. (b) Current ratio:   measures a company's efficiency at meeting its short term obligations.A good ratio would be for current liabilities to be covered at least once but Vodafone's current assets(resources) can barely cover 50% of its liabi lities in 2010 though it improved from previous year. On the whole, this is a weakness as the company is low on liquidity and incurring too much liabilities in terms of its short term borrowings. Vodafone Plc| 2010| 2009| Industry| Current Ratio| 0. 50:1| 0. 47:1| | Source: Morning Star Stock Report. (c) Net Gearing: shows the proportion of debt within a company's overall capital. The table below shows that Vodafone's net gearing has declined from 40. 7% in 2009 to 37. 76% in 2010. Overall for the industry borrowing is about 40% of total capital. The reduction therefore for Vodafone is good as its means a reduction in finance costs too. Vodafone| 2010| 2009| Industry| Net Gearing ratio| 37. 76%| 40. 67%| 39. 40%| Source: Morning Star Stock Report. (d) Interest cover: explains Vodafone's ability to service its debt. From the table below, it appears Vodafone makes enough profits to service it finance costs as it has been able to increase its interest cover to 7. 51times in 2010 from 7 . 03times in 2009.This may not be a core competence but it is a strength for Vodafone. Vodafone| 2010| 2009| Interest cover| 7. 51 times| 7. 03 times| Source: Morning Star Stock Report. Physical Resources Vodafone makes heavy investments in the marketing of its Product brands (competence/strength) which includes, landline solutions and mobile telephony, mobile broadband and secure employee remote access(resources), making them well known. (Vodafone website). It invests also in the marketing (competence/strength) of 3G dongles or cards(resources) for internet connection giving it the largest share of 3G subscribers.Vodafone used wholesale services to distribute its fixed voice and broadband (resources) but its prices were too high giving it only a few customers(weakness). Another of its products is the Vodafone-at-home(resources), with which it competed with fixed line providers by offering fixed line prices when customers call from within or near their home(competence/strength). Cor e Competences For the sake of this report, the core competences identified are Vodafone's CEO's. They have been exceptional with what they bring to the table and how their expertise has been able to transform the company.Vodafone UK CEO, Gary Laurence has been formidable in terms of identifying strategic options available to the company such as successful alliances and joint venture with likes of BT and O2. Heavy investment in the marketing of its products giving it largest share of 3G subscribers is another core competence. 3. 2 VODAFONE VALUE CHAIN Primary Activities Inbound logistics: Vodafone possesses its own network equipments, backbones and infrastructure to provide various communication services, and purchasing of handsets (Annual Reports 2010, p. 21).Now, its in a network sharing agreement (sharing masts, sites and towers) with O2 covering the UK and 4 European countries,. (case study page 559, Guardian March 2009). , Another inbound logistic is the ownership of spectrum. S pectrum is of particular importance to the mobile phone and mobile broadband industry, which relies on it to carry information between customers' handsets and mobile masts. Vodafone spectrum is 1800MHz. (Ofcom report, Feb 2011). Operations: All Vodafone operations are based on in-house infrastructure. Vodafone's operations is dependent on its people, infrastructure and financial resources.Its logistics operations (which provides a variety of value-added services), evolves from a single, purpose built site in West Midlands. (Unipartlogistics. com) Out-bound logistics: Vodafone has consumer on-line purchasing systems in place that allow customers to purchase its services directly(Vodafone website). It also has its own billing system. Marketing and Sales: Vodafone has several own branded and other retail chains that it uses in distribution. According to the case   study(page 563), Vodafone invests a lot in marketing in all markets whilst promoting its brand and also sponsors Formula 1 and England cricket sports.Services:Its all encompassing website enables customer online ordering and feedback monitoring. (source). Vodafone has customer services helpline that offer after sales services and it also offers services to MVNO's such as Lebara mobile, Asda mobile, Talk mobile(Carphone Warehouse) and BT mobile(http://ukmobilecoverage. co. uk/), Support Activities Infrastructure: Vodafone's mode of expansion was the formation of a joint venture with O2(case study p. 559) to manage its mobile network and share network covering 4 European countries and the UK.It also leases BT's fixed line services and hosts BT's MVNO. (case study p. 562) Human Resource Management: Vodafone depends on its employees for the quality of its services to customers. It ensures an inclusive working environment and encourages innovation, ambition and pro-activeness. Vodafone encourages enthusiasm, talent and commitment in its employees in order to build and maintain its success and stay competit ive. (Vodafone, Our people). Technology and Development: Vodafone owns internet portals which enables on-line ordering.Also, continuous R&D helps the company to incubate and deliver innovation to the business. (Annual Report, 2010. p. 20) Procurement: Vodafone, like other networks, purchases branded handsets from suppliers. Vodafone holds several training courses for its procurement team for efficient management of supplier performance. CONCLUSION SWOT MATRIX STRENGTHS1. Experienced CEO's(UK CEO, Gary Laurence). 2. Partnership with BT and O2. 3. Offering home country voice rates abroad. 4. Heavy investment in marketing. 5. Vodafone at home6. Good Interest Cover7.Reduced borrowing| WEAKNESSES1. Low level of liquidity2. Inability to increase ROCE3. High prices and inefficient channel of distribution for fixed voice and broadband. | OPPORTUNITIES1. Government's privatization of Ofcom. 2. Consumer need for converged services. 3. Decline in Fixed line telephone market4. 2012 Olympics5. C onsumer demand for smart phones6. Consumer hype for modern technology7. Ofcom issuance of entry license| THREATS1. Slow economic recovery from recession2. Decline in disposable income3. Immigration cap4. Health issues in areas of mobile masts. 5.Customer switching rates. 6. Development of new technologies7. Capital intensive recycling8. Ofcom's issuance of entry license9. Elaborate legal contarcts| From all facts assessed in the report and also information from the case study and Vodafone accounts, it is indeed evident that Vodafone is struggling to develop a total communications strategy to enable it to secure leadership   in the rapidly growing market for high speed internet services in its UK home market due to the fact that it actually cannot improve its core activities in order to gain competitive advantage.Please rate the quality of this essay: Good Neutral Poor Struggling with your essay? You can get your essay custom written by an expert in your subject area. 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